The country of origin of coffee and the leading coffee producers today
Last updated
Last updated
According to wikipedia, the name coffee comes from the French word coffee, which is a drink created from the seeds of coffee berries.
According to legend recorded in 1671, in the 9th century (801-900) in the goat herd of goats in Kaffa (in present-day Ethiopia), after eating a branch with white flowers and red fruits, they ran tirelessly until late at night.
With this strange phenomenon, goat herders told the monastery of a nearby monastery, and a goat herder tried the red fruit to confirm its effectiveness.
Based on this, the monks went to inspect the grass-fed area of the goats, took the fruit of the plant and squeezed out the juice to drink and prayed soberly until late at night. Thus, it can be considered that thanks to this herd of goats, people have known the coffee tree.
Around 1100 (in the 14th century), slave traders brought coffee from Ethiopia to the Arab region to grow crops on plantations. At this time, people only prepare coffee by putting the beans in water and boiling. This sober drink should be preferred while still conforming to the strict rules of the Koran, so it gradually became popular in the Muslim world.
It wasn't until around 1454 (mid-15th century) that people roasted coffee beans and used them as a beverage. At this time, the Arab region was the exclusive cultivation of coffee. The center of the coffee trade was the port city of Mocha, also known as Mokka, i.e. the city of Al Mukha in present-day Yemen.
At this time, the first cafes were opened, they were called Kaveh, this was the place where religious meetings, singing meetings and conversations took place. Coffee has indeed become a socially changing drink.
With the expansion of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish Empire), this drink became more and more popular. The first café opened in Persia. In small shops in Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt people meet to enjoy exotic drinks.
Since 1532 cafes have always been crowded. In the 17th century, coffee trees were commonly cultivated in Dutch colonies, bringing the country to dominate the coffee trade.
In Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) coffee was probably first known in 1517 (when Selim I conquered Egypt).
In 1554, the first café in Europe was opened here despite church opposition.
In 1645, Italy's first café opened in Venice.
In 1650 in Oxford and in 1652 in London appeared the first cafes of Great Britain respectively and the birth of the history of roasted coffee.
Pasqua Rosee, a Jewish immigrant who pioneered the opening of the first coffee shop in London (the famous city of England), he roasted coffee at home and sold coffee to everyone (this is when officially roasted coffee was born, he opened up a whole new trend and style of enjoying coffee compared to everyone and all walks of life.
In France, the first saloons were opened in 1659 in the port city of Marseille, Paris, followed in 1672.
In 1683 Vienna also had its first café (founded by a Pole), after Austria's victory over the Turks and the confiscation of 500 bags of trophy coffee. Vienna then became the city with the most popular cafes.
From France, coffee was introduced to Germany via the port city of Bremen in 1673. In 1679 the first German café was opened by an Englishman in Hamburg, followed by Regensburg (1686) and Leipzig (1694).
Coffee currently consists of three main lines of coffee plants:
Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) – tea coffee.
Coffea canephora (Robusta Coffee) – tap coffee.
Coffea excelsa (Liberian coffee) – jackfruit coffee.
Arabica coffee prefers to live in high mountainous areas. Arabica is usually grown at altitudes of 1000 – 1500m. The plant has a large, dark green crown, oval-shaped leaves.
Mature Arabica coffee trees can grow from 4-6m tall, if left to grow wild, they can be up to 15m tall. The fruits are oval, each containing two seeds. Arabica is the most economically valuable among coffee tree species.
Arabica coffee has many varieties but C. arabica and C. arabica Bourbon are known as the first varieties. Other varieties are thought to be products of these two varieties only. Bourbon coffee was brought to America by the French, then flourished here.
Although C. arabica and C. arabica Bourbon are the most commonly grown, there are also some other varieties that are grown and produce high yields along with good resistance to pests and diseases. And these are also these factors that also significantly affect the taste of coffee when enjoyed.
Cà phê Arabica bao gồm: Typica, Bourbon, Caturra, Mundo Novo, Catuai, Pache Commum, Pache Colis, Cartimor, Kent, Maragogype, Maragogype, Blue Mountain.
This is the basic cultivar from which many other varieties can be created. As with other Arabica varieties, Typica has a conical shape with an erect main stem and many oblique substems. Typica grows up to 3.5 to 4 meters.
The branches form angles of 50-70 degrees to the straight trunk of the tree. Typica has a very low yield but produces excellent quality coffee.
Bourbon yields 20-30% more than Typica, but is the variety that produces the least amount of coffee of all.
Bourbon does not have a clear cone like Typica, but is more branched. The angle between the branch and the stem is smaller, and the distance between the base of the branches on the trunk is very small.
The leaves are wide and curly at the edges. The fruits of the plant are usually small and rather heavy. The fruit usually ripens very quickly and falls off easily when there is wind or heavy rain.
The Bourbo coffee variety gives the best results at altitudes of 1,000 to 2,000m. The quality of coffee is just as great as Typica.
A mutant variety of Bourbon, discovered in Brazil. Caturra gives high yields and good quality, however needs careful care and fertilizing.
Caturra coffee has a short and thick stem, branching abundantly. The leaves are large and curly at the edges resembling Bourbon.
Cà phê Caturra
Caturra thích hợp với nhiều môi trường, nhưng phát triển tốt nhất ở độ cao 600 đến 1.500m với lượng mưa hàng năm từ 2500 đến 3500 mm. Ở độ cao lớn hơn thì chất lượng sẽ cao hơn, tuy nhiên năng suất sẽ giảm.
Là giống lai tự nhiên giữa Typica và Bourbon, được tìm thấy ở Brazil. Loại cây cà phê nay khỏe và có khả năng chịu bệnh tốt.
Caturra is suitable for many environments, but grows best at altitudes of 600 to 1,500m with an annual rainfall of 2500 to 3500 mm. At higher altitudes the quality will be higher, however the yield will decrease.
A natural hybrid between Typica and Bourbon, found in Brazil. The coffee plant is now healthy and has good disease tolerance.
Catuai coffee trees also need adequate care and fertilization.
Pache commum is a mutation of Typica, first found in El Brito farm, Santacruz Naranjo, Santa Rosa, Goatêmala. This type of coffee is considered to have a mild and delicate taste. Pache comum is suitable for altitudes of 1,000 to 1,500m.
Found at a farm growing Pache comum and Caturra in Guatemala. The fruits of this plant are large, the leaves are rough. Pache colis is resistant to phoma.
Stems and branches of this type are heavily branched. The tree grows from 0.8 to 1.25m tall. Pache colis is suitable for altitudes between 1,000 and 1,800m above sea level, with temperatures between 20-21°C.
Created in Portugal in 1959, Catimor is a hybrid between Timor and Caturra.
The plant matures early and produces high yields, usually equal to or more than other commercial varieties. It is because of this feature that the process of fertilizing and planting balls needs to be carefully adjusted.
The Catimor variety T-8667 is small in stature but produces large fruits and seeds.
Catimor T-5269 series is strong and suitable for areas between 600 and 900m with an annual rainfall of about 3000mm.
T-5175 is hardy and yielding, but not grown at too high or low altitudes. If planted too low, the quality will be similar to other Catimor varieties, but if grown at an altitude of more than 1,200m above sea level, other varieties will give better quality.
A mutant variety of Typica found in Brazil. Plants of this variety are usually taller and larger than the Bourbon and Typica varieties.
The yield of the Maragogype plant is low, but compensates for the large seeds. Trees of this type grow best at an altitude of 2000 to 2500 m. The quality of this type is appreciated in certain markets.
It is a fairly famous variety, favored for its resistance to fungal diseases (Coffee Berry disease) and the ability to thrive at high altitudes.
Blue Mountain coffee is grown in Jamaica and Kona, Hawaii. However, this plant is not suitable for many types of climates. Climate change can alter the taste.
Arabica coffee has a delicate sour taste mixed with a slight bitterness. After mixing, the water gives a light brown color, as clear as the color of amber.
Arabica has an ethereal, precious scent that easily attracts and conquers the enjoyer. When drunk, arabica coffee has a delicate sour taste mixed with mild bitterness.
Arabica coffee is the main ingredient of the most famous coffee companies in the world.
Robusta, also known as coffee, is the second most important plant among coffee species. About 39% of coffee products are produced from this type of coffee. The coffee tree has the form of a tree or shrub, the height of the adult tree can be up to 10m.
Coffee berries are round, the seeds are smaller than arabica coffee beans (tea coffee). The caffeine content in coffee beans is about 2-4%, while in arabica coffee it is only about 1-2%.
Robusta coffee prefers to live in the tropics, the suitable altitude for growing trees is below 800m. The preferred temperature of the tree is about 24-29°C, rainfall is over 1000mm. Coffee plants need more sunlight than tea coffee plants. Robusta seeds are smaller than Arabica, the bitter aftertaste predominantly.
This plant is from 2m – 5m tall. The stems, leaves and fruits are all large, different from robusta coffee. Liberian coffee has large, dark green leaves that look as far away as jackfruit trees, so it is called jackfruit coffee.
The plant tolerates drought well, requires little irrigation water, so it is often planted extensively. However, due to poor yield, there is a sour taste, so it is unpopular and develops the area.
Currently, coffee is grown in more than 50 countries around the world. According to information given from the visualcapitalist.com website, the total coffee production in 2020 is about 169.6 million bags of coffee (60 kg each) and the top 10 countries with the largest coffee production, holding 87% market share of this commodity include: Brazil (37.4%), Vietnam (17.1%), Colombia (8.4%), Indonesia (7.1%), Ethiopia (4.3%), Honduras (3.6%), India (3.4%), Uganda (3.3%), Mexico (2.4%), Peru (2.2%).
Brazil has been the world leader in coffee exports for more than 150 years, with production in 2020 accounting for 37.4% of all coffee produced worldwide.
In Brazil there are about 300,000 coffee farms covering about 27,000 km2 scattered throughout the country. The states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Parana are home to the largest concentration of coffee farms because they have an ideal climate and temperature for the production of high-quality coffee.
Brazil's coffee production process is also a distinct and more natural feature than other coffee-producing countries. Brazil uses a dry production process instead of a wet method when it comes to rinsing coffee beans with water. According to the drying process, the coffee berries will be dried in the air to dry and dehydrate naturally thanks to the sun.
After Brazil, ranked second is Vietnam, accounting for about 17.1% of total production in the world (in 2020).
In the global coffee market, Vietnam has found a niche market by focusing mainly on cheaper Robusta coffee. Robusta beans can have twice as much caffeine as Arabica beans, making coffee taste more bitter.
Today, Vietnam accounts for more than 40% of the world's Robusta coffee production. Coffee grown in Vietnam also yields high. The country's coffee production is significantly higher than other leading coffee-producing nations.
A famous advertising campaign featuring a fictional image of a coffee farmer named Juan Valdez helped the Colombian brand become one of the most famous coffee-producing countries. As a favorite drink by many people, Colombian coffee is highly appreciated for its fragrant, mild fruit flavor.
In 2020, the country of Colombia accounted for about 8.4% of total coffee production worldwide.
Some of the rarest coffees in the Western world originate from Indonesia, including Kopi Luwak — a bean that has been eaten and discarded by Asian civets. Specialties made from these special coffee beans can cost anywhere from $35 to $100 per cup.
Indonesia accounted for about 7.1% of total coffee production worldwide in 2020.
Known for its seductive and gentle flavored coffee beans, Ethiopia is a country that cultivates Arabica coffee trees. Today, this type of coffee is arguably the most widely sold in cafes and restaurants worldwide.
In 2020, the country of Ethiopia accounted for about 4.3% of total coffee production worldwide.
It can be said that coffee today has become a popular drink that every family uses more or less. Coffee is very diverse in preparation methods as well as depending on the "taste" of each person, they will choose the right way to drink. Therefore, the following article will tuoidep.net share with you about popular types of coffee and how to prepare coffee.
(Nguyen Long Media Synthesis)
